Malware
MBRlock
aka DexLocker
This ransomware modifies the master boot record of the victim's computer so that it shows a ransom note before Windows starts.
MBRlock, also known as DexLocker, is a Windows malware family.
Background
This ransomware tampers with the master boot record of the infected machine, displaying a ransom note before Windows is able to load.
Source: Malpedia (Fraunhofer FKIE).